| The Indo-European Language Families | |||
| Reading this Table. This table shows how the Proto-Indo-European language broken up into the modern languages we know today. The first column of family stocks were originally the languages that developed directly from Proto-Indo-European. These languages became families by breaking up into dialects that became languages which themselves then produced dialects and languages, and so on and so forth. Bulleted languages (•Hittite) are now dead. | |||
| Stock | Family | Subfamily | Languages |
| Anatolian | •Hittite, •Luwian, •Lycian, •Lydian, •Palaic | ||
| Balto-Slavic | Baltic | Latvian (Lettish), Lithuanian, •Old Prussian | |
| Slavic | East Slavic | Belarussian, Russian, Ukrainian | |
| South Slavic | Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian | ||
| West Slavic | Czech-Slovak, Kashubian, Sorbian, •Polabian, Polish | ||
| Celtic | Brythonic | Breton, •Cornish, Welsh | |
| Continental | •Gaulish | ||
| Goidelic | Irish Gaelic, •Manx, Scots Gaelic | ||
| Germanic | East Germanic | •Burgundian (Italy), •Gothic, •Vandal | |
| North Germanic | Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish | ||
| West Germanic | High German | German, Yiddish | |
| Low German | Afrikaans, Dutch, English, Flemish, Frisian, German, Low German | ||
| Hellenic | •Aeolic, •Arcadian, •Attic, •Doric, •Ionic, •Koiné | Modern Greek | |
| Indo-Iranian | Indic | Dardic | Kafiri, Kashmiri, Khowar, Kohistani, Romany (Gypsy), Shina |
| Northwest Indic | Punjabi, Sindhi | ||
| Sanskrit | •Pali, •Prakrit, •Sanskrit*, •Vedic* | ||
| Central Indic | Hindi, Hindustani, Urdu | ||
| East Indic | Assamese, Bengali, Bihari, Oriya | ||
| Pahari | Central Pahari, Eastern Pahari (Nepalese), Western Pahari | ||
| South Indic | Marathi, Sinhalese | ||
| West Indic | Bhili, Gujarati, Rajasthani | ||
| Iranian | East Iranian | •Avestan | |
| Baluchi, •Khotanese, •Khwarazmian, Ossetic, Pushtu, •Sogdian, Yaghnobi | |||
| West Iranian | Kurdish, Pahlavi, •Parthian, Modern Persian (Farsi), Tajiki | ||
| Italic | Osco-Umbrian | •Faliscan, •Oscan, •Umbrian | |
| Latin | Eastern Romance | Italian, Romanian, Sardinian | |
| Western Romance | Catalan, French, Ladino, Portuguese, Provençal, Spanish | ||
| Thraco-Illyrian | Albanian, •Illyrian, •Thracian | ||
| Thraco-Phrygian | •Old Armenian, Armenian, •Phrygian | ||
| Tokharian (W China) | •Tokharian A, •Tokharian B | ||
